This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Retrieved from Wikimedia commons on December 14th 2024. Original source : Our World in Data 2022-11-30, https://owidm.wmcloud.org/grapher/dalys-rates-from-adhd.
ADHD, amphetamines and substance use disorders – history, epidemiology and implications for global population health
Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most frequently diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorders worldwide (1). ADHD is associated with persistent inattention, disinhibition of verbal-motor behaviors and impulsivity. Without appropriate intervention, this condition can impact people’s social, personal and professional functioning (3-5). In the United States, it is estimated that around 7.1 million young people aged between 3 and 17 years old have been diagnosed with this condition until 2022 (2), while 15.5 million adults will have been diagnosed until 2023 (5). Worldwide, ADHD prevalence is estimated at 8-10% in young people and 2.5-6% in adults (5-10).
Treatments with amphetamines and methamphetamines are recognized as one of the most effective methods of minimizing the symptoms of this condition. Since their introduction, the prescription of these stimulants for ADHD has risen steadily worldwide (11). The prescription of stimulants for ADHD is controversial, not least because of their potential adverse effects, the potential absence of any real long-term benefit, and the ethical issues surrounding cognitive enhancement (12-13). Indeed, these pharmacological agents can lead to the development of dependence when used inappropriately (14). However, the current prevalence of ADHD in individuals with amphetamine use disorder (ATSUD) is poorly documented (15-16).
In a new project entitled COMPASS, our team will assess the global prevalence of ADHD in adults living with ATSUD by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of the proportions of ADHD concomitant with ATSUD reported in the scientific literature worldwide and over time.
Article by Anne-Marie Bissonnette
References
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- Danielson ML, Claussen AH, Bitsko RH, Katz SM, Newsome K, Blumberg SJ, et al. ADHD Prevalence Among U.S. Children and Adolescents in 2022: Diagnosis, Severity, Co-Occurring Disorders, and Treatment. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology. 2024;53(3):343-60.
- Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.). 2022.
- Lauder K, McDowall A, Tenenbaum HR. A systematic review of interventions to support adults with ADHD at work—Implications from the paucity of context-specific research for theory and practice. Frontiers in psychology. 2022;13:893469.
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- Ayano G, Demelash S, Gizachew Y, Tsegay L, Alati R. The global prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: An umbrella review of meta-analyses. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2023;339:860-6.
- Ayano G, Tsegay L, Gizachew Y, Necho M, Yohannes K, Abraha M, et al. Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults: Umbrella review of evidence generated across the globe. Psychiatry Research. 2023;328:115449.
- Song P, Zha M, Yang Q, Zhang Y, Li X, Rudan I. The prevalence of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A global systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Health. 2021;11:04009.
- Zablotsky B, Black LI, Maenner MJ, Schieve LA, Danielson ML, Bitsko RH, et al. Prevalence and Trends of Developmental Disabilities among Children in the United States: 2009-2017. Pediatrics. 2019;144(4).
- Collaborators GMD. Global, regional, and national burden of 12 mental disorders in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2022;9(2):137-50.
- Chan AY, Ma T-T, Lau WC, Ip P, Coghill D, Gao L, et al. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder medication consumption in 64 countries and regions from 2015 to 2019: a longitudinal study. EClinicalMedicine. 2023;58.
- Gonon F. The dopaminergic hypothesis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder needs re-examining. Trends in Neurosciences. 2009;32(1):2-8.
- Safer DJ. Are stimulants overprescribed for youths with ADHD? Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2000;12(1):55-62.
- Belfiore CI, Galofaro V, Cotroneo D, Lopis A, Tringali I, Denaro V, Casu M. A Multi-Level Analysis of Biological, Social, and Psychological Determinants of Substance Use Disorder and Co-Occurring Mental Health Outcomes. Psychoactives. 2024;3(2):194-214.
- van Emmerik-van Oortmerssen K, van de Glind G, van den Brink W, Smit F, Crunelle CL, Swets M, Schoevers RA. Prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in substance use disorder patients: A meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2012;122(1):11-9.
- Mikail NOURREDINE, Lucie JUREK, Benjamin ROLLAND. Prevalence of substance use disorder in adult with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PROSPERO 2024 CRD42024388211 Available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024388211
